The directory "Kyiv Jews. Who? When? Where?". XVIII-XX centuries, six volumes, about 700 pages each, Russian language.

Introduction
   The directory covers the period from the middle of the 18th century to the first quarter of the 20th century, and includes entries on people born between 1746 and 1924. During this period the population of Kyiv increased from 30-35 thousand people at the end of the 18th century to 520-540 thousand by the 1917.
   According to the 1897 census, there were about 30 thousand Jews residing in Kyiv, or 12.08% of the total city population.
   This six-volume directory contains more than 15 thousand family names, not counting possible spelling variants, or more than 55 thousand articles on permanent and temporary residents of Kiev. A typical article contains information about one to five people (1-2 generations), in rare cases - up to 50-70 people (4-5 generations) from the same family. Members of one family can appear in several articles.
   At the end of the article in brackets there are links to archival fi les, from which the information was taken. In total, the directory contains more than 57,500 references to approximately 10 thousand archival files. For some of archival files there may be only one reference in the directory, e.g. “personal file of a student”. For other archival fi les in the directory, e.g. “metric book”, there can be more than a thousand references.
   In addition to external links (to archival files), the directory contains more than 14 thousand internal links from one article to another to track the family ties.
   When working on the directory the documents of the following archives were used: State Archive of Kyiv (SAK), State Archive of Kyiv Region (SAKO), Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine (Kyiv) (CSHAU), selected fi les from state archives of Zhytomyr, Kirovograd, Khmelnitsky, and Chernihiv regions.
   The archival documents used for this book were performed in handwriting, with the unique features of each handwriting style oft en being far from calligraphy, thus making it unintelligible. Some of the documents, especially surnames, were extremely diffi cult to read due to the partially faded, or damaged pages. The * symbol is used for letters that could not be read. Excerpts from metric cases have been made for many years, including the period before the metric cases were restored, and as a result, some records are entirely or partially unintelligible.
   People listed in the directory can be conditionally divided into the following groups united by a common trait:
- intelligentsia (doctors, lawyers, engineers, etc.);
- merchants, local or nonresident;
- retired military servicemen, who have long settled in Kyiv, and often continued to practice the craft acquired while in the military service (tailors, shoemakers, etc.);
- military personnel stationed in the city, often remaining in Kyiv aft erretiring from service;
- foreign nationals, including Austro-Hungarian war prisoners;
- artisans of the neighboring cities and towns, who came to Kyiv in search of a better wage;
- young people from all over the empire, studying at Kyiv educational institutions;
- short-term visitors, such as those visiting Kiev for a medical examination, or treatment at Kyiv hospitals;
- Jews converted to Orthodox Christianity in the churches of Kyiv;
- refugees from the beginning of World War i until the end of the Civil War.

Explanations for the content of articles:

Surname, name, patronymic (name)
   Each article begins with a surname. All the spelling options for the surname (name or patronymic), which the compiler of this directory came across in various documents, are given in parentheses. For example:
Borikhiborokhshskaya (Borekhiborukhshmoy, Borikhiborukhshmoy) RuvinYankel Volfovich (1862-?).
Borispolskaya (Borishpolskaya, Barishpolskaya, Baryshpolskaya) Hava (Chaya) Mendelevna (1864-?).

Years
   The handbook indicates the year of birth, marriage, converting to different denomination, registration in another estate or locality, entering military service, death, etc.
As a rule, immediately aft er the name, the birth and death years are given in parentheses. For instance:
Elenkrig Ios Yankelevich (1868-1889).
If the year of the event is not yet known, then there is a “?” symbol. For instance:
Freudman-Friedman Shmuylo-Chaim Mordukhov (1887-?).
It is not uncommon, that various documents indicate diff erent year of birth (death) for the person, so the entry may look like this:
Zimelev Rivka Zus-Gershevna (1892 (1893) -?).

Social class
   In the article, an indication of the estate, and the year the person entered this particular estate, as a rule, is given after the name, year of birth, and year of death. For instance:
Zubarevsky Mordukh Yankelevich (1864 (1865) -?), tradesman of the Glussky estate of the Bobruisk district of the Minsk province (1885), tradesman of the Chernobyl town of the Radomysl district of the Kyiv province (1887), tradesman of the Gostomel town of the Kyiv district of Kyiv province (1889) .
Kalyuzhny Joseph (Ios) Peysakhovich (Peysakh-Urinovich) (1860-?), the son of a retired army private serving in the invalid team 1 tbsp. at the Kyiv battalion of the internal guard consisting (1881), the Kyiv second guild merchant, and soldier’s son (1883), the tradesman of Makarov town of the Kyiv district of the Kyiv province (1889-1893), the Sumy tradesman of the Kharkov province (1899) .
   Often in the article, each spouse is listed with a different status, or assigned different estates, which means that their position in society (or estate) is indicated at the time of the marriage, i.e. before marriage. For instance:
Elgort Haim Benevich (1876-?), tradesman of the city of Radomysl of Radomysl district of Kyiv province. First-born wife: Furman Feiga Duvidovna (1875-?), tradeswoman of the town Ignativka in the Kyiv district of the Kyiv province, a girl. Marriage in 1899.

Residence
   This information in the article, as a rule, follows the name, and the social class of the head of the family. For instance:
Freiman Movshe Mordukhovich, tradesman. Location: B. Vasilkovskaya st., d. No. 78 (1895).
   Often, instead of the street, the historical district of the city is indicated, and instead of the number of the house, the owner of the house is indicated. For instance:
Location: Nizhnyaya Yurkovitsa, Zaitsev’s house.
   One person may have several places of residence. For instance:
Location: Frampol (until 1894), Kyiv, Elenovskaya st., the house of Grabovsky (since 1894).
   The directory does not include cartographic materials, or contemporary street and district names for the residence.

Education
 This part lists the educational institutions, to which the person had applied for admission, studied, completed the course of study, or just took the entrance examinations.

Occupation
   Here you can meet words or expressions that have already come out of modern speech or are extremely rarely used. For example, bombardier, cannoneer, gunstock-maker, milliner, wheelwright, feuerwerker, tailor, saddler, etc. This guide does not interpret these terms and expressions.

Other information
   After the information on residence, education, occupation, the article may include additional information, such as: ownership of property (where, when, from whom it was acquired, etc.), participation in the revolutionary movement, political party membership, treatment in Kiev hospitals and etc.

Marriage
   If the husband’s article indicates “widower”, or “divorced” - this means that he was already married before the current spouse, and entered his current marriage as a widower or divorced from the previous marriage. For instance:
Elbert Meer Iserovich (1875-?), Belotserkovsky tradesman of the Vasilkovsky district of the Kiev province, widows. Wife: Korol Feiga Leizerovna (1881-?), Motyzhinsky tradeswoman of the Kiev district of the Kiev province, a girl. Married in 1905.
   In this example, Meer, a widower aft er his previous marriage, in 1905 married Feiga, the girl for whom this marriage was the first. Similarly, for the wives of the home registry, the “widow” or “divorcee” indicates their status after the previous marriage, at the time of the current marriage.

External links
Links to archival files are indicated at the very end of the article and appear as follows: [GAK 18-1l-6109], or [GAKO 384-2-9]. Abbreviation refers to the name of the archive. For example, GAK - State Archive of Kyiv or GAKO – State Archive of Kyiv Oblast. Th e abbreviations used in the book are explained in the list of abbreviations given below. Aft er the name of the archive, the fond number, series number and file number are indicated. In our examples: fond 18 series 1l file 6109 or fond 384 series 2 file 9. The names of the archival fonds referred to can be found at www.ukrfamily.com.ua

Internal links
If the article contains other surnames in addition to the main surname, then there are also articles for these additional surnames with links to the main article. For instance:
Molotok Duvid Mordkovich (1853-?), tradesman of the Ignativka town, Kyiv district (uyezd), Kiev province (hubernia), widows. Wife: Ermakova Tauba Yankelevna (1857-?), tradeswoman of the Ivankovo estate of the Radomysl district of the Kiev province, a girl.
Ermakova (nee) Tauba Yankelevna (1857-?), tradesman of the Ivankovo estate of the Radomysl district of the Kyiv province. See: Molotok Duvid Mordkovich.
   Additional articles with internal links to the main article, as a rule, were not made with the names of homeowners, guarantors of the baptismal pact, artisans (apprentices), employers, and other persons, not linked to the head of the family by family ties. Also, in case the wife’s maiden name coincides with the husband’s surname, a separate entry was not created for the wife with reference to the main article, such as the husband’s last name.

   When searching for a surname, one must take into account the possibility of having diff erent spellings of the surname, for example, the letter “o” in place of “a”, “e” for “i” etc. Respectively, check all the options: Borispolsky-Borishpolsky-Barishpolsky-Baryshpolsky, Pruss-Prus, Ganopolsky-Anapolsky-Gannopolsky, Kogan-Kagan, Rubizhevsky-Rubizhovsky, Eidelman-Edelman, etc.

Compiled by Vladimir Fedorov
www.ukrfamily.com.ua
e-mail: vlad69fedorov@gmail.com

Volume I Surnames starting with letters A, B, V

Volume II Surnames starting with letters G, D, E, Z, I

Volume III Surnames starting with letters K, L

Volume IV Surnames starting with letters M, N, O, P

Volume V Surnames starting with letters R, S, T, U, F

Volume VI Surnames starting with letters H, C, Ch, Sh, E, Yu, Ya

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