Preface to the Second and Third volumes

   The second and third volumes of the reference book “Foreign Nationals. The Volyn, Kyiv, and Podil Governorates of the Russian Empire” contain information about foreign nationals who temporarily or permanently lived in Kyiv and its suburbs. This includes foreign refugees, prisoners of war from the First World War, and colonists and settlers whose lives were connected to Kyiv.
   The book (the second and third volumes) covers the period from the 19th century to the fi rst quarter of the 20th century and contains information on more than 12,000 surnames. The second volume includes surnames beginning with the letters A–L, while the third volume includes those starting with M–Z.
   There are over 21,000 entries in the book. Typically, an entry contains information on one to five individuals (or 1-2 generations) from a single family. In rare cases, an entry may cover up to 20–30 individuals (or 3-4 generations) of the same family. Members of the same family can also appear in multiple entries.
   The style of the articles often refl ects the documents’ characteristics and may include words or phrases that could be unfamiliar to the modern reader. For example, “дітей не залишила (дітей не залишив)” (left no children), “порушив клопотання про прийняття в підданство” (filed a petition for citizenship), “приєднався до православ’я” (converted to Orthodoxy), or “з нареченням імені” (with the naming of a new name).
   At the end of each article, references in square brackets indicate the archival items from which the information was taken. The reference book contains more than 12,400 references to 738 archival items. Some items may have only one reference in the book, while others may have more than 100 references. In addition to external references (to archival items), the book contains more than 7,500 internal references linking articles to one another, allowing the reader to trace familial, professional, and other connections.
   The following archives were used in compiling the reference book: the State Archive of Kyiv, the State Archive of Kyiv Region, the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine (Kyiv), the State Archive of Zhytomyr Region, and the Russian State Historical Archive. A list of the archival items used is provided at the end of the book.
   The archival documents used were handwritten, often in unique scripts far removed from calligraphy, which made them diffi cult to read. The diffi culty in reading some documents, particularly surnames, was compounded by faded or damaged text. An asterisk (*) replaces letters that could not be deciphered.

Explanations of the Article Content:
Surname, First Name, Patronymic (Full Name)
   Each article begins with the surname. In parentheses, all variations of the surname (fi rst name or patronymic) encountered by the compiler in various documents are listed. For example:
Maravsek (Marovsek, Marovsik, Marovsky, Marosek, Moravseka, Marusik) Yosyp Yakymovych.
   It is also worth noting that the surnames of foreigners in the Kyiv church registers may have been recorded in different variants. For example:
Kin (Kyun) (Kühn) Samuylo (Samuil) (Samuel).
Myuller (Miller) (Müller) Ferdinand.
Occasionally, the Russian spelling of the surname or first name as found in the document is also provided. For example:
Risk (Ryska, Rus. Rysk, Ryska) Rudolf Antonovych.
Vodicher (in the document: Vodycher) Yohann.

   When searching for a surname, one should consider the possibility of different spellings, such as the replacement of “o” with “a”, “e” with “i”, “s” with “sh”, “y” with “і”, etc. It is necessary to check all possible variations:
Brozhychek-Brazhychek-Brazhychyk-Brazhychok; Bronchak-Bron’chak; Brunetti-Bryunetti; Burok-Buryak; Simpton-Simpson; Chadil-Chadyl-Chadilo; Tsimmergakl’-Tsimmergakl-Tsymergakl, and so on.

Dates
   The articles in the reference book provide information about the years of birth, baptism, marriage, conversion to another religion, death, and so on. Usually, the year of birth and death is listed in parentheses immediately after the full name. For example:
Vodkevych Leon (1802-11.02.1864).
   If the year of the event is unknown to the compiler, a question mark is used. For example:
Voytek Eduard Eduardovych (1894-?).
   It is common for diff erent documents to provide different years of birth (or death) for a person, so the entry may look like this: Vrba Voldemar (Valdemar) Yohanovych (1881(1882)-?).

Social status
   After the full name and years of birth and death, the article often includes information about social status, nationality, or citizenship. For example:
Vrba (Wrba) Henrich (Heinrich) Valentynovych (1857-13.07.1918), Austrian subject.
Vuytovych Andrii Tomashovych (1895-?), Polish citizen (1919).
Vulet Stefan (?-16.03.1916), private in the Austrian army.

Residence
   This part of the article typically follows the full name and social status of the head of the family. For example:
Gokhberg Herman Mordkovych (1888-?), Austrian subject. Residence: Mezhyhirska St., Building No. 21, Apt. 8.
   Often, instead of a street name, the historical district of the city is indicated. For example:
Residence: Syrets.
   One person may have several known residences. For example:
Residence: Shuliavka, Building No. 10 (1895), 3rd Dacha Line, Building No. 151/2.
   The reference book does not include maps or indications of modern address names.

Education
   This section lists the educational institutions the person attended. For example:
Education: Private Women’s Gymnasium at the Lutheran Church in Kyiv, graduated 07.08.1908 due to parents’ transfer to service in St. Petersburg.
Education: Kyiv Real School, Kyiv 7th Gymnasium (since 1905).

Occupation
 Here, you may encounter words or phrases that are either outdated or rarely used in modern language. For example: Modistka (milliner), feyerverker (fi reworker), shornyk (harness maker), utrymuvach diietychnoho mahazynu (dietary shopkeeper), pechinnya bulk (baking buns), vychynka strun (string making), zahotivlya vzuttya (footwear procurement), sluzhba z tsukrovarinnya (sugar production worker), zajmayetʹsya vodoprovodom (plumber), pomichnyk podatnoho inspektora (tax inspector’s assistant), mayster u slyusarniy maysterni dlya vypravy shveynyh mashyn (master in a locksmith workshop for sewing machine repairs), etc. The reference book does not provide explanations for these terms and phrases.

External References
   References to archival items are provided at the end of each article and look like this: [ЦДІАК 127-1080-26] or [ДАКО P-112-2-1]. The abbreviation indicates the name of the archive. For example, ЦДІАК stands for Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine (Kyiv), or ДАКО stands for State Archive of Kyiv Region. The abbreviations are explained in the list of abbreviations provided below. After the archive name, the numbers of the fonds, series, and item are listed. In our examples: fonds 127, series 1080, item 26, or fonds P-112, series 2, item 1. The titles of the archival collections referenced can be found here: www.ukrfamily.com.ua.

Internal References
   If an article mentions surnames other than the main one, there are also separate articles for these additional surnames, with references back to the main article. For example:
Bremsteller (Bremsteller) Heorh, foundry worker. Wife: Henrietta born Simetat (Szimmetat).
Simetat (Szimmetat) (born) (married name: Bremsteller (Bremsteller)) Henrietta. See: Bremsteller (Bremsteller) Heorh.

The reference book includes fi ve indexes located at the end of each volume:
Index of nationality, citizenship, and ethnicity.
Index of occupations (trade, profession, position)
Index of institutions, organizations, enterprises, educational institutions, and military units
Index of Churches
Geographical index
The geographical index does not include names that appear on almost every page of the book (such as Kyiv, Kyiv Catholic Church, Kyiv Lutheran Church, Baikove Cemetery), nor the names of streets, squares, or alleys in Kyiv.
Compiled by Volodymyr Fedorov
http://ukrfamily.com.ua
e-mail: vlad69fedorov@gmail.com